Semantic Standards in Formalizing the Objects (Mafa'il) in Arabicc

Abstract

Anyone who contemplates the sciences of ancient Arabic, including grammar, finds that the distinction between semantic structure and syntactic or grammatical structure was not apparent in their writings, but rather it is something that can be inferred from the rules they established; this is because structure and meaning are two inseparable matters from a usage perspective.

The Arabic sentence, according to them, is divided in terms of basic structure into:

First: the predicate that indicates the event or activity and is represented structurally by the verb in the verbal sentence, and the predicate in the nominal sentence.

Second: the subject, by which they mean the one who is based on or described by the event, such as the subject, or its deputy in the verbal sentence, or the subject in the nominal sentence.

Then follows that by mentioning what follows them, which is what grammarians are accustomed to calling (waste), with the need to pay attention that they are not marginal and worthless; rather, the meaning of the sentence may depend on them.

The structure of the verb has the significance of the event (time), and the objects and others contribute to restricting its significance, and the verb with its lexical material determines those elements according to what the structure requires, such as the significance of specification, time, place, explanation, accompaniment, or the form of a structural element with it.